REVIEW OF RADIOLOGY-BY DR SUMER KUMAR SETHI
Although it was intended for Post-graduate students preparing for medical admission tests of All India and the different states, I find this book also useful to other post-graduate students from other parts of the world especially in the developing world like Africa…The book is well written and comprehensive ….Its size is a further advantage because of the short time made available in the curriculum of Medical students…Finally the book provides a clear, concise and in-depth knowledge of the various radiological procedures, highlighting various imaging techniques that are now the vogue in Medical diagnosis.
Prof. P.S. IgbigbiDean of MedicineCollege of MedicineUniversity of Malawi
One of the main advantages of this little book is that is packed with information, which has been presented in points, so that it can be easily remembered by both undergraduate medical students and doctors on their way to specialization….this is a valuable quick reference and concise pocket book on Radiology, not only for students but for specialists too
Dr. Dimitrios I Zafeiriou Assistant Professor in Child Neurology and Developmental Pediatrics Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
The author should be congratulated for assembling basic information on Radiotherapy. Most doctors especially in the developing world have no practical experience of the subject in any form.The concept of this book and its arrangement are brilliant.
Prof Ndubuisi Eke, FRCSEd, FWACSUniversity of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, NIGERIA.
A sincere and successful effort at providing the maximum amount of essential and up-to-date information to undergraduates about the subject of Radiodiagnosis and radiotherapy in the most comprehensive manner. A point based systematic approach, simple illustrations and tables permit a complete review of the subject in a manageable time. A glossy, colourful coverpage takes away the monotony from the black and white world of X-rays! An indispensable book for medical students.
Dr R.S.SolankiProfessor (Radiodiagnosis), Lady Hardinge Medical CollegeNew Delhi
Opinions of a few PG aspirants
Good things come in small packages. Review of Radiology is a book that lives up to this adage and more... This book has the unique quality of being all inclusive, yet in a manner that allows efficient utilization of time…Within a few hours, it gives you a feeling of one subject under your belt…Kudos to the author for aiding overburdened students to scale one hurdle with relative ease…
Hats off to book on radiology- very comprehensive authentic and manageable in small time. The Information is very comprehensive and very high yielding…
The success of the author lies in the fact that he has been able to give SO MUCH OF THE "NEEDED" POINTS in so few pages. ..Most of the points that are given in the book have been already asked and more importantly almost all questions that have been previously asked can be solved with this little book…This book is bound to be one of the classics of PG Preparatory … “This book can be read at the cost and time of two movies” and to answer 100 % in State PG and about 90 % (87.5 % to me more accurate) in All India (where you are expected to answer 66 % correctly to get into the top 100 ranks) from such a small book is commendable and the author needs to be appreciated
Thursday, October 7, 2004
quote of the day
Always be nice to people on the way up; because you’ll meet the same people on the way down.
Wilson Mizner.
Wilson Mizner.
RADIOTHERAPY TUTORIAL
EXCERPT FROM THE BOOK REVIEW OF RADIOLOGY
Radiosensitivity of different tumours
Highly sensitive
Lymphoma
Seminoma
Myeloma
Ewing’s sarcoma
Wilms’ tumor
Moderately sensitive
Small cell lung cancer
Breast cancer
Basal cell carcinoma
Medulloblastoma
Teratoma
Ovarian cancer
Relatively resistant
Squamous cell carcinoma of lung
Hypernephroma
Rectal carcinoma
Bladder carcinoma
Soft tissue sarcoma
Soft tissue sarcoma
Cervical cancer
Highly resistant
Melanoma
Osteosarcoma
Pancreatic carcinoma
Radiosensitivity of different tumours
Highly sensitive
Lymphoma
Seminoma
Myeloma
Ewing’s sarcoma
Wilms’ tumor
Moderately sensitive
Small cell lung cancer
Breast cancer
Basal cell carcinoma
Medulloblastoma
Teratoma
Ovarian cancer
Relatively resistant
Squamous cell carcinoma of lung
Hypernephroma
Rectal carcinoma
Bladder carcinoma
Soft tissue sarcoma
Soft tissue sarcoma
Cervical cancer
Highly resistant
Melanoma
Osteosarcoma
Pancreatic carcinoma
Wednesday, October 6, 2004
SGPGI FORMS OUT!!!
MD program commencing from May 2005.
Essential Qualifications for DM/MCh Courses: MD (Medicine/Pediatrics) for DM courses and MS in Surgery for MCh courses respectively, or an equivalent qualification recognized by MCI for this purpose. For DM in Medical Genetics, candidates having MD (Obst & Gyn) shall also be considered. Essential Qualifications for Senior Residents (Hospital Services): M.D./M.S. in respective specialty or equivalent qualification recognized by MCI. For Nuclear Medicine, a candidate with M.D. (Nuclear Medicine) or MBBS with DRM, and for Transfusion Medicine, M.D. (Transfusion Medicine/ Pathology) or MBBS with Ph.D. in Transfusion Medicine can also apply. For Clinical Hematology/BMT, candidates with MD (Medicine/Pediatrics) or equivalent, and for Laboratory Hematology, candidates with MD (Pathology) or equivalent can apply. Essential Qualifications for PDF: D.M (Nephrology) for Renal Transplantation Medicine, M.Ch. (Urology) for Renal Transplantation Surgery and M.Ch. (Surgical Gastroenterology) for Pancreatico-Biliary Surgery.
Essential Qualifications for MD Courses: Candidates must have completed one-year rotational internship as on 30.04.2005 after having passed MBBS examination from a Medical College/Institute duly recognized by MCI and should have permanent registration with MCI.
Age: Upper age limit as on 01.01.2005 is 35 years for DM/MCh/PDCC & Senior Residents (HS), and 30 years for MD Courses. Widowed or divorced or legally separated women and SC/ST/OBC candidates may be given age relaxation as per Government rules. There is no upper age limit for PDF candidates. General Instructions: 1.Application forms for all programs (except MD) shall be available from 30.9.2004 to 25.10.2004. Last date for receipt of completed applications is 30.10.2004. 2. Application forms for MD Courses shall be available from 1.11.2004 to 25.11.2004. Last date for receipt of competed applications is 30.11.2004. 3. The Information brochure cum application form can be downloaded from Institute's Web Site http://www.sgpgi.ac.in/academic/forms.html and sent along with a Bank Draft of Rs.1000/- in favor of Director SGPGIMS Lucknow Academic Account, drawn on SBI, SGPGI Branch (Code No.7789), Lucknow. (The application forms will be downloadable after 1st November 2004) 4. The Information brochure can also be obtained (in person) from the State Bank of India, SGPGI, Lucknow, against cash payment of Rs. 1000/-. 5. Information brochure cum application forms can also be obtained from the Office of the Executive Registrar, SGPGIMS, Lucknow by post on payment of Rs. 1050/- inclusive of postage) by demand draft (non-refundable) in favor of Director SGPGIMS Lucknow Academic Account, drawn on SBI, SGPGI Branch (Code No. 7789), Lucknow. 6. The Theory examination for selection of D.M./M.Ch/PDCC/Senior Residents (Hospital Services) will be held on 12th December 2004. CANDIDATES APPLYING FOR PDF ARE EXEMPTED FROM THEORY EXAMINATION. 7. The Theory examination for selection to MD Courses will be held on 16th January 2005. 8. The number of seats/posts advertised could vary without prior notice. 9. Reservation will apply as per rules. 10. In case of any dispute, the decision of the Director, SGPGIMS, Lucknow, will be final.
Essential Qualifications for DM/MCh Courses: MD (Medicine/Pediatrics) for DM courses and MS in Surgery for MCh courses respectively, or an equivalent qualification recognized by MCI for this purpose. For DM in Medical Genetics, candidates having MD (Obst & Gyn) shall also be considered. Essential Qualifications for Senior Residents (Hospital Services): M.D./M.S. in respective specialty or equivalent qualification recognized by MCI. For Nuclear Medicine, a candidate with M.D. (Nuclear Medicine) or MBBS with DRM, and for Transfusion Medicine, M.D. (Transfusion Medicine/ Pathology) or MBBS with Ph.D. in Transfusion Medicine can also apply. For Clinical Hematology/BMT, candidates with MD (Medicine/Pediatrics) or equivalent, and for Laboratory Hematology, candidates with MD (Pathology) or equivalent can apply. Essential Qualifications for PDF: D.M (Nephrology) for Renal Transplantation Medicine, M.Ch. (Urology) for Renal Transplantation Surgery and M.Ch. (Surgical Gastroenterology) for Pancreatico-Biliary Surgery.
Essential Qualifications for MD Courses: Candidates must have completed one-year rotational internship as on 30.04.2005 after having passed MBBS examination from a Medical College/Institute duly recognized by MCI and should have permanent registration with MCI.
Age: Upper age limit as on 01.01.2005 is 35 years for DM/MCh/PDCC & Senior Residents (HS), and 30 years for MD Courses. Widowed or divorced or legally separated women and SC/ST/OBC candidates may be given age relaxation as per Government rules. There is no upper age limit for PDF candidates. General Instructions: 1.Application forms for all programs (except MD) shall be available from 30.9.2004 to 25.10.2004. Last date for receipt of completed applications is 30.10.2004. 2. Application forms for MD Courses shall be available from 1.11.2004 to 25.11.2004. Last date for receipt of competed applications is 30.11.2004. 3. The Information brochure cum application form can be downloaded from Institute's Web Site http://www.sgpgi.ac.in/academic/forms.html and sent along with a Bank Draft of Rs.1000/- in favor of Director SGPGIMS Lucknow Academic Account, drawn on SBI, SGPGI Branch (Code No.7789), Lucknow. (The application forms will be downloadable after 1st November 2004) 4. The Information brochure can also be obtained (in person) from the State Bank of India, SGPGI, Lucknow, against cash payment of Rs. 1000/-. 5. Information brochure cum application forms can also be obtained from the Office of the Executive Registrar, SGPGIMS, Lucknow by post on payment of Rs. 1050/- inclusive of postage) by demand draft (non-refundable) in favor of Director SGPGIMS Lucknow Academic Account, drawn on SBI, SGPGI Branch (Code No. 7789), Lucknow. 6. The Theory examination for selection of D.M./M.Ch/PDCC/Senior Residents (Hospital Services) will be held on 12th December 2004. CANDIDATES APPLYING FOR PDF ARE EXEMPTED FROM THEORY EXAMINATION. 7. The Theory examination for selection to MD Courses will be held on 16th January 2005. 8. The number of seats/posts advertised could vary without prior notice. 9. Reservation will apply as per rules. 10. In case of any dispute, the decision of the Director, SGPGIMS, Lucknow, will be final.
Immediate Computed Tomography Scanning of Acute Stroke
Stroke. 2004 Sep 30
Immediate Computed Tomography Scanning of Acute Stroke Is Cost-Effective and Improves Quality of Life.
Wardlaw JM, Seymour J, Cairns J, Keir S, Lewis S, Sandercock P.Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK; and the Health Economics Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill Hospital, Aberdeen, UK.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Stroke is very common, but computed tomography (CT) scanning, an expensive and finite resource, is required to differentiate cerebral infarction, hemorrhage, and stroke mimics. We determined whether, and in what circumstances, CT is cost-effective in acute stroke.
METHODS: We developed a decision tree representing acute stroke care pathways populated with data from multiple sources. We determined the effect of diagnostic information from CT scanning on functional outcome, length of stay, costs, and quality of life during 5 years for 13 alternative CT strategies (varying proportions and types of patients and rapidity of scanning).
RESULTS: For 1000 patients aged 70 to 74 years, the policy "scan all strokes within 48 hours" cost pound 10 279 728 and achieved 1982.3 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). The most cost-effective strategy was "scan all immediately" ( pound 9 993 676 and 1982.4 QALYs). The least cost-effective was "scan patients on anticoagulants and those in a life-threatening condition immediately and the rest within 14 days" ( pound 12 592 666 and 1931.8 QALYs). "Scan no patients" reduced QALYs (1904.2) and increased cost ( pound 10 544 000).
CONCLUSIONS: Immediate CT scanning is the most cost-effective strategy. For the majority of acute stroke patients, increasing independent survival by correct early diagnosis, ensuring appropriate subsequent treatment and management decisions, reduced costs of stroke and increased QALYs.
Immediate Computed Tomography Scanning of Acute Stroke Is Cost-Effective and Improves Quality of Life.
Wardlaw JM, Seymour J, Cairns J, Keir S, Lewis S, Sandercock P.Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK; and the Health Economics Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill Hospital, Aberdeen, UK.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Stroke is very common, but computed tomography (CT) scanning, an expensive and finite resource, is required to differentiate cerebral infarction, hemorrhage, and stroke mimics. We determined whether, and in what circumstances, CT is cost-effective in acute stroke.
METHODS: We developed a decision tree representing acute stroke care pathways populated with data from multiple sources. We determined the effect of diagnostic information from CT scanning on functional outcome, length of stay, costs, and quality of life during 5 years for 13 alternative CT strategies (varying proportions and types of patients and rapidity of scanning).
RESULTS: For 1000 patients aged 70 to 74 years, the policy "scan all strokes within 48 hours" cost pound 10 279 728 and achieved 1982.3 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). The most cost-effective strategy was "scan all immediately" ( pound 9 993 676 and 1982.4 QALYs). The least cost-effective was "scan patients on anticoagulants and those in a life-threatening condition immediately and the rest within 14 days" ( pound 12 592 666 and 1931.8 QALYs). "Scan no patients" reduced QALYs (1904.2) and increased cost ( pound 10 544 000).
CONCLUSIONS: Immediate CT scanning is the most cost-effective strategy. For the majority of acute stroke patients, increasing independent survival by correct early diagnosis, ensuring appropriate subsequent treatment and management decisions, reduced costs of stroke and increased QALYs.
Monday, October 4, 2004
radiologists, say good bye to cardiac CT!!!!
Radiologists, say goodbye to cardiac CT
When radiologists look back on how ultrasound and nuclear medicine evolved, some lament battles lost. Once firmly in the grip of radiologists, these modalities slipped from their grasp into the hands of other specialists, notably those of cardiologists. It's about to happen again—this time in CT.
At the Transcatheter Cardiovascular Therapeutics conference in Washington, DC, Philips Medical Systems will unveil a 16-slice CT scanner designed specifically for diagnostic cardiologists working in private practice. The aptly named Brilliance CT Private Practice CV could single-handedly dash the hope that radiologists might extend their reach into cardiology. Even more ominous, this device, which has been optimized not only for cardiac but also for vascular studies, will provide cardiologists with the tools for CT angiography.
Philips plans to begin shipping its new CT before the end of this year. Other such systems are sure to follow. Until now, CT manufacturers have been loading cardiac software on premium systems and pricing them well beyond the reach of cardiologists. Not so for Philips' new CT product, which is priced under $700,000 with the express intent of drawing cardiologists to buy it.
In retrospect, it seems inevitable that some company would do what Philips is doing. Echocardiography systems are optimized for cardiology and have been for a long time. The same is true for gamma cameras operating in nuclear cardiology. These products became popular when they were priced within the budgets of their intended customers: cardiologists.
Until this year, 16-slice scanners were at the top of the food chain. The impending debut of 32-, 40-, and 64-slice products changed that, dropping 16-slice systems well below a million dollars. As the march of technology continues, these systems will cost less and less, and they will be less and less appealing to radiologists. Philips is the first to jump on the commercial possibilities that this change is bringing about. They will not be the last.
In the years ahead, 32- and 64-slice scanners, whose capabilities will be even more suited to cardiology, will drop in price to the range now filled by 16-slice scanners. With that, the fate of radiologists' future in cardiac CT will be sealed.
Market forces will dictate which specialty controls cardiac CT—possibly even CTA. In the past, these forces have not been kind to radiology. They are about to get worse.
When radiologists look back on how ultrasound and nuclear medicine evolved, some lament battles lost. Once firmly in the grip of radiologists, these modalities slipped from their grasp into the hands of other specialists, notably those of cardiologists. It's about to happen again—this time in CT.
At the Transcatheter Cardiovascular Therapeutics conference in Washington, DC, Philips Medical Systems will unveil a 16-slice CT scanner designed specifically for diagnostic cardiologists working in private practice. The aptly named Brilliance CT Private Practice CV could single-handedly dash the hope that radiologists might extend their reach into cardiology. Even more ominous, this device, which has been optimized not only for cardiac but also for vascular studies, will provide cardiologists with the tools for CT angiography.
Philips plans to begin shipping its new CT before the end of this year. Other such systems are sure to follow. Until now, CT manufacturers have been loading cardiac software on premium systems and pricing them well beyond the reach of cardiologists. Not so for Philips' new CT product, which is priced under $700,000 with the express intent of drawing cardiologists to buy it.
In retrospect, it seems inevitable that some company would do what Philips is doing. Echocardiography systems are optimized for cardiology and have been for a long time. The same is true for gamma cameras operating in nuclear cardiology. These products became popular when they were priced within the budgets of their intended customers: cardiologists.
Until this year, 16-slice scanners were at the top of the food chain. The impending debut of 32-, 40-, and 64-slice products changed that, dropping 16-slice systems well below a million dollars. As the march of technology continues, these systems will cost less and less, and they will be less and less appealing to radiologists. Philips is the first to jump on the commercial possibilities that this change is bringing about. They will not be the last.
In the years ahead, 32- and 64-slice scanners, whose capabilities will be even more suited to cardiology, will drop in price to the range now filled by 16-slice scanners. With that, the fate of radiologists' future in cardiac CT will be sealed.
Market forces will dictate which specialty controls cardiac CT—possibly even CTA. In the past, these forces have not been kind to radiology. They are about to get worse.
Sunday, October 3, 2004
PRIMARY PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS
click on the link for image-
Findings:
The examination from February 2002 is normal.However, right hilar and right paratracheal lymphadenopathy has developed in the setting of a positive PPD.
Diagnosis: Primary pulmonary tuberculosis.
Discussion:
Primary tuberculosis is the most common form of pulmonary tuberculosis in infants and children. However, its incidence has increased in adults, accounting for about 25% of all adult tuberculosis cases.The typical radiographic appearance of primary tuberculosis is parenchymal disease, lymphadenopathy, pleural effusion, miliary disease, or lobar or segmental atelectasis. However, approximately 15% of patients will have a normal chest radiograph.Primary pulmonary tuberculosis affects the areas of greatest ventilation, typically the right middle lobe, the lower lobes, and the anterior segment of the upper lobes. Other causes that may simulate tuberculous lymphadenopathy includes metastases and histoplasmosis in endemic areas.Fine, discrete nodular areas of increased opacity on chest radiographs is very suggestive of tuberculosis in the appropriate clinical setting. However, it may also be present in varicella pneumonia, sarcoidosis, histoplasmosis, metastases, pneumoconiosis, or hemosiderosis. At CT, primary tuberculosis typically manifests as air-space consolidation that is well-defined, dense, and homogeneous.
Findings:
The examination from February 2002 is normal.However, right hilar and right paratracheal lymphadenopathy has developed in the setting of a positive PPD.
Diagnosis: Primary pulmonary tuberculosis.
Discussion:
Primary tuberculosis is the most common form of pulmonary tuberculosis in infants and children. However, its incidence has increased in adults, accounting for about 25% of all adult tuberculosis cases.The typical radiographic appearance of primary tuberculosis is parenchymal disease, lymphadenopathy, pleural effusion, miliary disease, or lobar or segmental atelectasis. However, approximately 15% of patients will have a normal chest radiograph.Primary pulmonary tuberculosis affects the areas of greatest ventilation, typically the right middle lobe, the lower lobes, and the anterior segment of the upper lobes. Other causes that may simulate tuberculous lymphadenopathy includes metastases and histoplasmosis in endemic areas.Fine, discrete nodular areas of increased opacity on chest radiographs is very suggestive of tuberculosis in the appropriate clinical setting. However, it may also be present in varicella pneumonia, sarcoidosis, histoplasmosis, metastases, pneumoconiosis, or hemosiderosis. At CT, primary tuberculosis typically manifests as air-space consolidation that is well-defined, dense, and homogeneous.
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