Hiatal hernias may be categorized as paraesophageal or sliding. Paraesophageal hiatal hernias are rare hernias involving migration of the gastric fundus into the thorax while the gastroesophageal junction remains below the diaphragm. Sliding hiatal hernias, by far more common, involve migration of both the gastroesophageal junction and the stomach into the thorax; they place patients at risk for reflux.
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