The town of Calamba, in the province of Laguna--by virtue of having been the birthplace of Dr. Jose Rizal--has become a pilgrimage site not only for those wanting to pay homage to the Philippine National Hero, but more importantly for the Rizalistas who worship Rizal as God.
Calamba is said to be the new "promised land" where God Rizal shall establish His kingdom after the old world has been destroyed in the apocalypse. At the very center of this kingdom will be the barrio of Rongot, presently Calamba's poorest community, but which will eventually be the New Jerusalem.
This is the belief of the religious sect called Iglesia Sagrada Familia, a small but intensely dedicated group of Rizalistas found in Sitio Rongot, Calamba, Laguna. Led by a vibrant old lady named Gloria Bibat, 84, the Iglesia Sagrada Familia worships Dr. Jose Rizal as God. They call Rizal not as Dr. Rizal but as Amang Rizal (Father Rizal) or simply Amang Doctor (Father Doctor).
I first met Nanay Gloria during the street parade of Rizalistas in Calamba on the occasion of Rizal's 149th birth anniversary last June 19, 2010. In her characteristic vim, Nanay Gloria was leading the procession amidst the hot mid-day sun along the streets of Calamba, the birthplace of the National Hero. She was holding aloft the Philippine flag and a banner imprinted with a picture of Rizal.
After the parade, Nanay Gloria and her members sought refuge in the shade in front of Rizal's house, and ate their packed lunch. Nanay Gloria invited me to partake of their food which consisted mainly of rice, small dried sardines, and steamed vegetables. I declined their kind offer, but Nanay Gloria insisted, giving me a plate and a plastic spoon. "Kumain ka na anak," she said to me. While we were eating, she told me that I should visit the
Secluded Sitio Rongot
Sitio Rongot is located in the remotest portion of Calamba, and is hardly accessible by vehicles. Isolated from the rest of Calamba by a narrow five-kilometer dirt road, only one vehicle can pass through it at a given time. In the unfortunate case when two vehicles meet head-on, one has to give way, retreat, and find the part of the road wide enough for both to pass through. The road is rough and dusty during the dry season, and wet and muddy during the rainy season. It is therefore understandable that even the local tricycles have to charge P150 to anyone coming in or out of the barrio. Most of the Rongot residents are poor, so they prefer to walk rather than pay the exorbitant amount.
The sitio, however, receives a few visitors every Sunday, mostly students from the
Despite its promise of becoming a
Like most rural towns in the
People go about their daily lives in a relaxed and unhurried manner: the men gathering vegetables from the marshes, women tending to their little babies, young lads playing board games on benches, and old folks relaxing under the shade of trees -- whiling time away. Around the village one can see numerous small wooden houses, old empty boats docked along the bay and, on the bay itself, green water lilies that grow abundantly.
The Church of the Iglesia Sagrada Familia
At the edge of the barrio, very close to the bay, lies the modest temple of the Iglesia Sagrada Familia — a small rectangular white edifice built on multiple concrete stilts, two of which go down into the lake so that part of the church "stands" on water. The Iglesia meets here every Sunday at seven in the morning. The church members are mostly women in their octogenarian years, led by Nanay Gloria Bibat. There are some young male members — all grandsons of Nanay Gloria. Nanay Gloria claims that the Iglesia has, at present, more than 100 members. But on the several Sundays that I went there to observe their group, I noticed no more than 20 in attendance.
The interior of the church is simple in appearance. Save for a few wooden chairs reserved for visitors, there are no pews of the kind usually seen in Catholic churches. In fact, the Iglesia has no need for benches: all the members kneel throughout the worship rituals.
The center of attention is the elevated altar in the shape of a triangle which displays a motley array of pictures, posters, and statues, all depicting Rizal or his other “personalities.” I learned that in the past, Rizal — according to Nanay Gloria — appeared to them as an old white-bearded man (whom they call Apo Asyong), and as an aged woman (whom they call Inang Adarna). But one should not be confused. They are all Dr. Jose Rizal!
Hanging on the walls of the church are numerous posters listing the many teachings of Amang Rizal. Some of them contain quotations from Rizal's great body of writings, the stanzas of Rizal's "Last Farewell", and curiously, a poster with Rizal's "Ten Commandments.”
At the start of their Sunday service, the congregation offers a prayer while genuflecting in front of the altar. Then with their right hand upon their bosoms, they sing the Philippine National Anthem in two versions: the original version and another with different lyrics praising Rizal and other Philippine heroes. A series of chants follows, led again by Nanay Gloria. Most of what they sing are about love of country and fellowmen, as well as love for Apo Asyong, Inang Adarna, and Amang Rizal.
Meanwhile, I observe their rituals at the far end of the pew, jotting down notes and taking pictures. After an hour of prayers and chants, Nanay Gloria suddenly stands up, faces the group and begins a long monologue exhorting the members to keep the faith, to worship Amang Rizal, and never to be influenced by other religions. She calls her flock "mga anak" (my children) even though most of them are ladies of her age. "Mga anak, huwag na huwag ninyong kalilimutan ang mga aral ko! Ang inyong mga pagtitiis ay nakikita ko," (My children, do not ever forget my teachings! I see all your sufferings").
All the while, the Iglesia members are on their knees, listening attentively with their eyes closed. They all look as though they've been turned to stone by the mighty rhetoric of Nanay Gloria. Then all of a sudden, Nanay Gloria shifts her gaze to me, pointing her finger in my direction.
She utters in a fierce tone: “Why are you here?”
Surprised by Nanay Gloria's question, I meekly reply that I am interested in learning about the indigenous religions of the
Nanay Gloria is visibly pleased by my answer. “What do you think of our group?” she asks. I say they are a very religious and nationalistic people because of their reverence of Philippine heroes like Rizal, Bonifacio, and Mabini.
“You are correct,” she says. She then approaches me and raises her right hand to bless me. She touches my head, telling me I am fortunate to have traveled to this remote barrio because it pleases Amang Rizal, and that I am now blessed. Then she turns to her flock once more and delivers another long and rambling speech -- somewhat disconnected but with only one important message -- that they should forever love God in their hearts, and to follow the 10 commandments. At one time she tells them they should be thankful I visited them, coming from a place as far away as
Nanay Gloria as Rizal's medium
It is only after the sermon that I learn it was no longer Nanay Gloria who was talking. The Iglesia members revealed to me that the spirit of Amang Rizal possesses Nanay Gloria every time she delivers her sermons. It was not Nanay Gloria who touched my head and blessed me. It was Amang Rizal. I have been blessed by Amang Rizal himself. Indeed, after the sermon, Nanay Gloria appeared more like her usual self: gay, smiling, and humble. She no longer had the fierce voice and penetrating gaze of God the Father.
After their rituals, they all stand up, bow to the altar and rest on the wooden chairs. They all smile at me, bowing, their hands on their chests as as sign of respect. Meanwhile I focus my attention on the numerous Rizal statuettes and photographs on the altar. At the center is the bust of an old man. For me, the figure doesn't resemble Dr. Rizal in any way, even if I mentally added years to my personal image of the hero. The old man has a shawl on his head and sports a long white beard. One cannot mistake his identity because written below the statue is his name: Apo Asyong. His full name, according to Nanay Gloria, is Senor Don Ignacio Coronado.
Fascinated, I ask Nanay Gloria who Apo Asyong is. She answers that Apo Asyong is God the Father. I complain to her I get confused over who God is: Rizal or Apo Asyong?. She taps my forehead as if to teach a young kid: “Don’t be confused!” she says. “Amang Rizal and Apo Asyong are one person! Sometimes Rizal appears as Apo Asyong, sometimes Apo Asyong appears as Amang Rizal. Amang Rizal is the Diyos Anak, Apo Asyong is the Diyos Ama! But they are one!”
And then I ask the inevitable question: “Then who is the Diyos Ina?”
Nanay Gloria, now visibly exasperated by my ignorance, taps my forehead again: “Inang Adarna is the Diyos Ina!” She giggles through her revelation as though it were the most important thing she has ever said to anyone.
Forgive me, my dear Nanay Gloria, I say. “So Inang Adarna is also Amang Rizal who is also Apo Asyong, am I right?”
“Yes!” she said. “They are the Holy Family! Three persons in one God!”
I close my eyes to ponder on what she is saying. I realize that this is the reason they call themselves the Iglesia Sagrada Familia or The Church of the Holy Family, because in their belief, God consists of a family: God the Father, God the Mother and God the Son. The Most Holy Trinity.
“Have you seen Apo Asyong?” I ask Nanay Gloria.
“Yes. I lived in his house when I was still a young woman” she says proudly.
The story of Apo Asyong
Don Ignacio "Apo Asyong" Coronado, I later found in my research, lived in Sitio Aplaya, some three kilometers away from Calamba town proper (about seven kilometers from Rongot). Apo Asyong's house, though old and very dilapidated, continues to stand to this day, now inhabited by his numerous grandchildren and great grandchildren.The house also doubles as Apo Asyong's temple, where many Rizalistas still come to worship. In Sitio Aplaya, many old residents still remember Apo Asyong as a good and helpful man. Many also believed that he was a man with mysterious powers.
Born on February 2, 1890 (?), Apo Asyong preached in the 1940s that he was the real Dr. Jose Rizal -- and that the man killed by the Spaniards in 1896 was a fake, a Rizal double. Apparently, many people believed him, and he was thus worshipped by followers (including Nanay Gloria and the entire Sagrada Famila sect) as the true living Jose Rizal. Interestingly, Nanay Gloria and Apo Asyong's grandsons never use the term "death" when referring to Apo Asyong's demise. Instead they prefer to call his death as "paglisan" (leaving), which of course denotes that he would be coming back in the near future. "Apo Asyong will never die, just as Amang Rizal did not die in Bagumbayan," she told me.
Apo Asyong's core teachings are basically the same as those preached by Rizal -- love of God, love of fellowmen, and love of country.
Apo Asyong suddenly fell ill in the morning of 21 December 1957, and died at midnight. His remains were interred at the public cemetery in Lecheria Hill, the place where Rizal was believed by Rizalistas to have spent his childhood and youth. His grandchildren still faithfully keep his old things -- his clothes, his pillow and bed (still arranged in the same way as when he died), his pipes (he smoked tobacco), and his old tumba-tumba chair. They regard him as God the Father.
There is one extant photograph of Apo Asyong, and it is always prominently displayed in many Rizalista temples that worship the kindly old man.
One rainy Sunday afternoon (after attending the worship rituals for Apo Asyong), Joseph, one of Apo Asyong's grandsons, asked me if I wanted to visit his lolo's mausoleum in Lecheria. Although it was raining hard, I agreed to go to the cemetery to visit the tomb of this mysterious man. The grandson assured me it was still existing and that the family visited it annually every November 1. Because of the heavy rains, we slushed through mud, clambering atop old tombs to individually search the tombs and mausoleums, but alas, we couldn't locate Apo Asyong's final resting place. "It was just here," Joseph told me, pointing to an empty plot in the cemetery. "He already took his bodily remains to heaven," Joseph concluded.
Fascinated with this mysterious man, I asked Nanay Gloria how they first came to know Apo Asyong. In reply, Nanay Gloria told me a fantastic story of how Apo Asyong built their church. It was not easy. They lived a very difficult life. Many people accused them of being lunatics. But the people just didn’t know what Nanay Gloria and her group had gone through - their travails and hardships just to build this church. They persevered because they knew Amang Rizal/Apo Asyong would reward them in the near future.
The Beginnings of the Iglesia Sagrada Famila
It all began many years ago in a place not so far away….
There was a war; the Second World War. The exact date was October 1942. Mr. Danny Bibat, a U.S. Navy skipper, and the elder brother of Nanay Gloria, was a commander of an American vessel in the
After the war, Danny retired from the Navy and lived a quiet life in Tatalon,
Without hesitating, Danny went with the old woman to Sitio Aplaya, Calamba, where he came face to face with an old man -- the same one who rescued him from the sea mishap during the war. But this time, the old man was no longer in the clouds. He no longer looked like a sacrosanct apparition, but a man of flesh and blood. And, to Danny’s amazement, he looked like Dr. Jose Rizal!
The old man showed Danny a picture of all the Philippine national heroes and asked Danny if he could identify the one that resembled the old man. Danny pointed to the photo of Dr. Jose Rizal. The old man affirmed he was indeed the patriot presumed executed in Bagumbayan many years ago. "I am not a ghost, Danny. I am real," he said.
Danny prostrated himself before the old man, who was none other than Apo Asyong, crying: “My Lord, I have been looking for you for a long time! Why is it only now that you called me?”
Danny thanked Apo Asyong and immediately went to all his relatives in San Nicolas, Pangasinan. He told them they were going to live in the new
But they soon found out the journey would be no picnic. On a stop to San Luis, Pampanga, they were robbed and lost all their money and possessions. With no money to buy food, they remained for an indefinite time in San Luis, until six of the families, penniless and without food, decided to go back to Pangasinan, hitchhiking and walking (the truck abandoned them). Seven families decided to stick with Danny and continue their exodus to Sitio Rongot. Nanay Gloria was a young woman then, but she remembers the hardship they endured.
“We neither have money nor food. But we thought it was God testing us to persevere. We knocked on every door begging for food, and very few people helped us. We only ate lugaw (porridge) everyday. We sold many of our personal belongings to buy food.”
After several months of walking and begging, they finally reached Sitio Rongot. What they saw devastated them. Sitio Rongot was not the paradise they thought it would be. Instead, it was total wilderness, with tall weeds growing about everywhere in the place.
“We thought we could not live here,” remembers Nanay Gloria. “It was all weeds and tall grasses here. No one lived here then, except maybe snakes and field rats. But still we persevered. Apo Asyong told us that Sitio Rongot will become the New Jerusalem and the new
They decided to build their church, the Iglesia Sagrada Familia, on the very banks of the Laguna de Bay. Most of the materials they used to build the church were either donated to them by the more affluent members of the Iglesia, or by local politicians asking for votes during elections. Even the posters, pictures, and statues of Amang Rizal were donated to them by various people. They really could not afford them.
"We are poor,” says Nanay Gloria, "but there are many people being used by God to help us and this church.” Meanwhile Amang Rizal was appearing to them frequently. Sometimes he is just like what is seen in his numerous pictures — wearing the double-breasted coat and carrying the Noli me Tangere in his left hand; other times as an old man or Amang Rizal appears; or even as Apo Asyong, or an old woman, Inang Adarna.
To earn a living, they harvested kangkong and kamote and sold them in town, walking the five-kilometer road and carrying the crops on top of their heads. The men built small bancas so they can fish at the Laguna de Bay.
Soon, their living conditions improved, but not much. Nevertheless, they consider themselves blessed to have been chosen as the first residents of the
Nanay Gloria as the New Spiritual Leader
In 1972, Danny Bibat passed away and Gloria Bibat became the head of the Iglesia Sagrada Familia. To prepare herself for her new role as spiritual leader, Nanay Gloria fasted for 40 days, subsisting daily on small bread and a cup of tea. It was what she termed as "sacrificio”, to cleanse her body for her new spiritual life.
"I became very thin," she said. "But I survived because of God's will." She then assumed her role as the leader of the church. From then on, she was called Nanay Gloria (she was called Ate Gloria before).
Although she is now 84, Nanay Gloria still looks strong. She attributes her long life to the blessings of Apo Asyong. She never cuts her hair although it is now very thin because of her age. She still walks the five-kilometer distance road from Rongot to town proper. In her chest she keeps an anting-anting medallion which she says was given to her by Apo Asyong.
“This is the medallion of the Impinito Dios," she says while showing it to me. “Impinito Dios is the highest God. He went down to Earth to save us. He became Jesus, Apo Asyong, Inang Adarna, and Amang Rizal”
“Do you all keep an anting-anting?” I asked.
“Yes. Look at us; we are still strong despite our age.”
By now, though, many of the original members of the Iglesia have died from old age. There are now only about 20 original Iglesia members still living--all belonging to the original seven families who first came to Rongot. All the ladies are in their 80s and 90s now--widows who have outlived their husbands. Some, like Lola Aria, 87, are spinsters. They all wear long white dresses that reach their ankle. Like Nanay Gloria, they never cut their hair. Every one of them still diligently attends the Sunday worship service for Amang Rizal. Sometimes, they bring along their apo to the worship rituals. They teach their grandchildren to worship Apo Asyong and Amang Rizal. Aside from these youngsters, there are no new recruits to the Iglesia.
“We don’t attract new members,” Nanay Gloria tells me “It is better we are few. We are few but we are true to our faith and that’s the most important thing. But if someone wants to become one of us, he or she is most welcome.”
While the Iglesia is not keen on recruiting new members, Sitio Rongot, meanwhile, is attracting new settlers. The sitio is a public land, and the growth of Calamba's population forced some locals to migrate to Rongot. With more people now living in Rongot, there are also more religious groups now preaching their respective religions such as the Iglesia ni Cristo, the Baptists, the Mormons, Ang Dating Daan, and the Born Again Christians.
Now, the Iglesia Sagrada Familia has become a minority religious group in Rongot. Sometimes people--even those from the new religious groups--malign and accuse them of practicing "cult" or kulto worship.
“They call us kulto,” resents Nanay Gloria. “Don’t they know the meaning of kulto? It means worshipping a human. But we do not worship a human. We only worship God. We worship Jesus. We worship Apo Asyong. We worship Amang Rizal. Amang Rizal is not a man. Ang Amang Rizal ay Diyos na totoo."
Many people also accuse Nanay Gloria and her group as lunatics. They simply ignore the insolent remarks, shrugs Nanay Gloria. "We always remember the lesson Apo Asyong imparted to us: 'Kung ika'y sinampal sa kanan ay ibigay mo pa ang kaliwa."(If someone slaps you on your right cheek, then turn the other cheek).
Indeed, throughout my frequent visits to them, I became an admirer of their simplicity, kindness, and humility. Their lives, basically unchanged since they first arrived here some 60 years ago, have been uninfluenced by the outside world. Their faith in God enabled them to reach the level of piousness that few of us can ever claim to achieve. Their kindness and hospitality are genuine--reflecting the old mores of the ancient Tagalogs. They may be superstitious and mystical in their beliefs, but I could never accept that they are lunatics or akulto.
During the street parade in Calamba on 19 June 2010 to celebrate the 149th birth anniversary of Dr. Rizal, Nanay Gloria and her members joined the parade--together with most other Rizalistas in Laguna. But none of them were invited to the grand dinner that afternoon organized by the provincial government.
For me, it reflected the general attitude of people towards the true Rizalistas. While local and provincial politicians--who instantly became "Rizalistas" on the birth anniversary of Rizal to further their political careers--were served in the grandiose dinner, the genuine Rizalistas were on the side streets seeking shade from the heat of the afternoon sun--eating their own packed lunch or sandwiches and drinking softdrinks from a sari-sari store.
How come the Rizalistas are never ever given importance during the anniversaries of Rizal? Instead they are treated with indifference or mockery because of their obsessive love for the national hero. But in my heart of hearts, I feel compassion for them. The true Rizalistas--like Nanay Gloria and her group--are forever ignored by the Filipino people.
I have often associated myself with the Rizalistas because I felt that they are true to their beliefs. Though I myself may find it bizarre that they worship the hero, I nevertheless respect their beliefs. And I find that they are closer to my heart than other worshippers, including those from my own Catholic religion. I always, ALWAYS want to understand them.
And so with some trepidation, I ask Nanay Gloria the question that really brought me to Rongot: ‘Why do you worship Amang Rizal?”
“Because He is God,” she replies. "Amang Rizal is the Savior of the Filipino people. He saved us from the Spanish oppressors.”
"So where is Amang Rizal now?” I ask.
“He’s living somewhere in the forests and caves of
Meanwhile it is already getting late and I know that Nanay Gloria also needs to rest. I thank her for her kindness and hospitality. Then I take from my backpack my secret gift for her: A small statue of Amang Rizal I purchased from an antique shop many years ago. I thought it would be the best gift that I could give to the Suprema and her members.
“Here,” I offer, “is my gift to you for your kindness to me,” handing to her the small bronze statue.
Nanay Gloria beams when she sees the little statue of Amang Rizal. Her eyes well with tears. Then she motions to her members to look at it, all women in their octogenarian years.
“It’s beautiful!” they say in unison. Some of them also cry upon seeing the miniature figure of Amang Rizal. They caress the statue like a little baby. Then holding the statue together with their hands up in the air, the old ladies chant:
Amang Rizal! Amang Rizal! Amang Rizal! Aming Diyos! Aming Diyos! Aming Diyos! Ikaw ang simula at ang wakas, ika’y aming pinupuri!!! Amang Rizal!!”
I, too, am moved by the spectacle. Then I approach and hold the statue with them, chanting with them.
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