Contrast Induced Nephropathy

Elicker BM et al in AJR Am J Roentgenol 2006 Jun;186(6):1651-8 , surveyed radiologists to identify the current practice patterns and to determine those areas in which guidelines are most needed. They found no widely accepted practice guidelines exist for the screening and prevention of contrast nephropathy in patients receiving iodinated IV contrast agents for CT examinations. Issues include screening to identify at-risk patients, discriminatory levels of renal insufficiency beyond which IV contrast material is contraindicated, and the use of preventive measures. They found that-"Serum creatinine is the most commonly used screening method: 92% of respondents for inpatient examinations and 66% for outpatient examinations. Only 2% use estimated creatinine clearance. The average threshold serum creatinine value used to determine that patients should not receive IV contrast material is 1.5 mg/dL in 35%, 1.7 mg/dL in 27%, and 2.0 mg/dL in 31% (mean, 1.78 mg/dL). Diabetes slightly lowers the threshold creatinine (mean, 1.68 mg/dL). Fewer than 30% of respondents frequently administer IV contrast material to patients with a renal transplant or multiple myeloma. The most commonly used preventive measures include hydration (93%), reduction of contrast dose (77%), and administration of acetylcysteine (39%). Overall, no important differences were found among practice settings or level of specialization."

Reference-IV contrast administration for CT: a survey of practices for the screening and prevention of contrast nephropathy. Elicker BM, Cypel YS, Weinreb JC

AJR Am J Roentgenol 2006 Jun;186(6):1651-8.